In the long term, bantu dominance has made the bantu language family the most spoken in. The first is the spread of the early iron working eiw cultural tradition. Their movement was not a conquest or even a selfconscious migration, but a diffusion of new patterns of living involving, most significantly, the spread of. Theories of migration two main types of theories have been used to explain migration. Theories of migration need to incorporate both macrolevel forces and microlevel institutions. The bantu were the first to develop language and provide historians with an idea about africas. The bantu migration was one of the first formative events in african history. Bantu studies seem to have caught the historical imagination of scholars at a relatively early date and many linguists who have studied bantu have put fonvard hypotheses about the implications for prehistory. The bantu migrated from the north but the term is confusing as it is to refer to a group of languages, variety of culture and to a racial group. Bantu migration theory definition of bantu migration theory. The bantu migration refers to the movement across the african continent. The bantu inhabit most of the continent s of the congo river except the extreme southwest.
The bantu dominated every area they came to and forced other cultures to live on land that wasnt farmable. It has been hypothesised that farming and bantu languages dispersed simultaneously through demic. L 1960, based his concept of migration on change in physical space. They are also credited with introducing iron working in uganda. Pdf the problem of the bantu expansion noisette du. How is the austronesian expansion related to the bantu migration. The bantu migration refers to the geographic spreading over africa, from a.
The first wave of bantu migration followed two paths into the rainforest around the congo river. There are hardly any precisely ascertained facts followed by principles, laws, axioms and postulates describing the object of study there is a lack of logical methods of inferring, of proof and there is no summary of theoretical. The other ran across the strip of thorn forest and grassland south of the sahara and north of the central african jungles, a region known as the sahel originally an arabic term for coast. Bantu migration theory synonyms, bantu migration theory pronunciation, bantu migration theory translation, english dictionary definition of bantu migration theory. Using data from a vast genomic analysis of more than 2,000 samples taken from individuals in 57 populations throughout subsaharan africa. Bantu migration theory definition of bantu migration. The word bantu for the language families and its speakers is an artificial term based on the reconstructed proto bantu term for people or humans. With the development of the iron blade, reaping became easier for the bantu people and agriculture took on a whole new meaning. Encompassing a series of changes and movements that took place during several millennia over one of the largest continental masses on earth, the bantu phenomenon cannot be accounted for by a single and. To access more topics go to the history notes page. The following effects resulted from the bantu migration to the south. The name was coined to represent the word for people in loosely reconstructed protobantu, from the plural noun class. Western bantu expansion happened southwards from here, with the area to the west of the sangha river, in the democratic republic of congo, being settled first.
The bantu language most often taught in american universities is swahili, but there are many others. The bantu migration refers to the movement across the african continent of the various speakers of bantu languages. Brief history of the bantu migration into south africa the great southward bantu migration in africa took place in subsaharan africa south of the sahara desert, over some 2,000 years. That is a question best left to the afrikaner or colored pages. The classification is primarily linguistic, for the cultural patterns of bantu speakers are extremely diverse.
Modelling the spread of farming in the bantuspeaking regions. Populations grew faster than before and people were encroaching on each others land. The belief that the bantu spread the use of iron as they migrated is known as the migrationist theory. Background the bantu expansion is the name for a postulated millennialong series of migrations of speakers of the original proto bantu language group. The bantu people migration had a major impact on the cultural geography of the continent. Need to move when people move they move for a reason.
Early african societies and the bantu migrations early agricultural society in africa egypt was the most prominent of early african societies, but it was by no means the only agricultural society, nor even the only complex, citybased society of ancient africa. Graecoroman trade link and the bantu migration theory felix a. This article examines the bantu languages and their classification and provides archaeological background of the bantu migration on western and central africa and great lakes africa. Bantu migration theory synonyms, bantu migration theory. The primary evidence for this expansion has been linguistic, namely that the languages spoken in subequatorial africa are remarkably similar to each other. What is the bantu migration chegg tutors online tutoring. Bantu migrations the bantu migration was one of the first major events in african history. It was first introduced as bantu by wilhelm bleek in 1857 or 1858, and popularised in his comparative grammar of 1862. There, many of them lived in small villages and riverbanks. New developments in the classification of bantu languages.
The bantu expansion is a postulated series of major migrations of the supposed original ntuspeaking group, who, under this view, are thought to have spread from an original nucleus around west africacentral africa across much of subsaharan africa. The bantu languages, a closelyknit family of 440 to 680 languages depending on how one distinguishes between a language and a dialect, are spoken across the southern third of the african continent, from the boundary between modern day nigeria and cameroon in the west, to southern somali in the east, and as far south as the cape. Archaeologies of the bantu expansion oxford handbooks. The amazing bantu migration and the fascinating bantu people. Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace. This chapter surveys the main phonological phenomena found in bantu languages. With them, the bantu brought new technologies and skills such as cultivating highyield crops and ironworking which produced more. Migration is an ongoing process with continuing implications for those involved but also for the people to whom they migrants are connected.
The spread in the use of iron technology and knowledge. Nowadays, both the scope and definition of migration have become more complicated i. A member of any of a large number of linguistically related peoples of central and southern africa. Modelling the spread of farming in the bantuspeaking. Bantu peoples, the approximately 85 million speakers of the more than 500 distinct languages of the bantu subgroup of the nigercongo language family, occupying almost the entire southern projection of the african continent. Bantu impacted the economic, cultural and even political practices. The bantu migration being the largest migration in history, influenced two thirds of african language. The classification is primarily linguistic, and there are almost a hundred bantu languages, including luganda, zulu, and swahili.
During a wave of expansion that began 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, bantuspeaking populations today some 310 million people gradually left their original homeland of westcentral africa and traveled to the eastern and southern regions of the continent. This was caused by the frequent attacks made by the bantu against the people east africa for land, through wars. Chami introduction this paper synthesises two aspects of eastern and southern african later prehistoric scholarship which have, hitherto, been treated separately. Bantu philosophy, the philosophy, religious worldview, and ethical principles of the bantu peoplestens of millions of speakers of the more than 500 bantu languages on the african continentas articulated by 20thcentury african intellectuals and founders of contemporary african philosophy and theology originally, the term bantu philosophy referred to research done on traditional culture. Bantu people cultivated the land that they migrated to as well as assimilated or adopted other tribes skills such as raising cattle for food. There was a difference between the rich and poor, as well as with men and women. By the end of the first millennium divisions had formed.
The migration of the bantu people from their origins in southern west africa saw a gradual population movement sweep through the central, eastern, and southern parts of the continent starting in the mid2nd millennium bce and finally ending before 1500 ce. To be so close linguistically and yet so geographically dispersed, it has been argued, the bantu must have spread rapidly and quite recently from a common centre. There were improvements in the methods used to make and forge iron. Jan 31, 2014 the earliest pottery found in a bantu speaker area is that from the site of shum laka in northwestern cameroon, dating to perhaps as early as 7000 bp.
Bantu migration theory article about bantu migration. The bantu speaking peoples migrated from western africa near modernday nigeria southward and eastward, spreading out across all of the southern half of the african continent. What were the causes and effects of bantu migrations. Bantuists believe that the bantu expansion most probably began on the highlands between cameroon and nigeria, and the 60,000 km 2 mambilla region straddling the borderlands here has been identified as containing remnants of the bantu who stayed home, as the bulk of bantu speakers moved away from the region. Pdf the problem of the bantu expansion noisette du bresil.
In the process, the hypothesised protobantuspeaking settlers displaced or absorbed preexisting huntergatherer and pastoralist groups that. Bantu migration also led to the loss of culture of the local khoisan communities that remained on the land as they were absorbed into the bantu culture. The bantuspeaking people spread new technology, culture and languages as they migrated throughout southern africa. This paper seeks to explore the influence of the bantu migration on the development of the african continent. Brief history of the bantu migration into south africa. The close similarities among widely separated bantu languages have interested scholars for many years. The gradual bantu expansion or migration progressed by two routes. Effects of the bantu migration the coming of the bantu to uganda had many effects. European journal of logistics purchasing and supply chain.
About 3,000 years ago, speakers of the bantu language began to migrate south and east. Migration and development economic and social impacts of migration on the czech republic and ukraine with a focus on the analysis of remittances, 2 investigative plan msm 0021620831, financed by the ministry of education, youth and sports of the czech republic. Humans are uniquely capable of using cultural innovations to occupy a range of environments, raising the intriguing question of whether historical human migrations have followed familiar habitats or moved relatively independently of them. As an african scientist and a bantu for that matter,it is an insult for some people like you to continue propagating theories grounded on believed,suggested or closely linked lies. One ran down the atlantic coastal grasslands into what is today angola. The most obvious among such effects is that they led to the settlement and increased the population of eastern, central, and southern uganda. The great southward bantu migration in africa took place in subsaharan africa south of the sahara desert, over some 2,000 years. Taking notes bantu migrations effect effect effect setting the stagehuman history is a constantly recurring set of movement, collision, settlement, and more movement. Bantu speaking peoples analyzing causes and recognizing effects identify causes and effects of specific events related to bantu migration. During a wave of expansion that began 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, bantu speaking populations today some 310 million people gradually left their original homeland of westcentral africa and traveled to the eastern and southern regions of the continent.
In just a few thousand years farming spread from a cradle in west africa to cover an area of more than 23 million square kilometres of subsaharan africa, occupied today by more than 200 million bantu language speakers speaking approximately 440 to 680 different bantu languages. The name was coined to represent the word for people in loosely reconstructed proto bantu, from the plural noun class. The bantuspeaking peoples migrated from western africa near modernday nigeria southward and eastward, spreading out across all of the southern half of the african continent. Bantu people also brought diseases that existing peoples had little immunity to. European journal of logistics purchasing and supply chain management vol.
Bantu migrations armed with iron smelting technology the bantu of west and central africa dispersed across the continent, changing its linguistic and cultural landscape. The word bantu for the language families and its speakers is an artificial term based on the reconstructed protobantu term for people or humans. One such phenomenon is vowel harmony, where suffixes typically alternate in height depending on the preceding vowel. The bantu includes groups like the baganda, banyoro, batoru of uganda, akamba, kikuyu and many others. The bantu migrated from the north but the term is confusing as it is to refer to a group of languages, variety of culture and to a racial group the belief that the bantu spread the use of iron as they migrated is known as the migrationist theory. This snapshot of bantu linguistic research at midcentury includes valuable information on very early grammars and wordlists as well as classic examples of how the historical implications of bantu linguistics were transformed into narratives about the history of early bantu speakers and their migration into the southern half of the continent. Focus primarily on causes of migration, not consequences. Apr 11, 2019 the bantu peoples iron tools improved agricultural yields and their iron weapons made them formidable military opponents. Bantu migration theory article about bantu migration theory.
Linguistic evidence points to these regions as the origin of bantu people. Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and. Synonyms for bantu migration theory in free thesaurus. Indeed, guthrie fust annomced the results of his bantu studies in. The bantu expansion is the name for a postulated millennialong series of migrations of speakers of the original protobantu language group. Bantuspeaking peoples analyzing causes and recognizing effects identify causes and effects of specific events related to bantu migration. A number of theories have been put forward to explain this migration. Bantu expansion african studies oxford bibliographies. Combinations of nasal plus consonant are also frequently subject to various modifications.
Oct 27, 2015 humans are uniquely capable of using cultural innovations to occupy a range of environments, raising the intriguing question of whether historical human migrations have followed familiar habitats or moved relatively independently of them. In the context of an article on the bantu migration meaning across the african continent, not as it relates to the apartheid history of south africa, who cares who is defined as a european. This led to social and cultural change of austronesian and bantu peoples. What is the use of using speculative words like it is believed,it is suggested,it is. People on the move armed with iron smelting technology the bantu of west and central africa dispersed across the continent, changing its linguistic and cultural landscape. There are two versions as to how the bantu migrated through the continent. Its necessary to understand this if you want to understand how modern africa came to be. Their movement was not a conquest or even a selfconscious migration, but a diffusion of new patterns of living involving, most significantly, the spread of agriculture, knowledge of ironworking and language.
Graecoroman trade links and the bantu migration theory. The bantu expansion an overview for college students the word bantu the word bantu which means people in many bantu languages refers to a group of about 500 african languages and to their speakers, today numbering about 90 million people. They were also hunters, animal herders goats, sheep, and cattle, potters, weavers and traders, exchanging such goods as salt, copper, and iron ore for those things they needed. The bantu speaking people spread new technology, culture and languages as they migrated throughout southern africa.
746 520 646 1427 771 1207 765 405 1011 199 165 716 491 1090 872 1455 1269 116 905 344 115 422 947 308 1369 306 189 228 147 1184 1141 773 1019 1419 415 1130 1279 909 1386 969